Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 08 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01152-6Glycogen metabolism: not just a one-trick pony

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 24 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01147-3Unpicking the effects of FGF21 on longevity

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 24 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01134-8This international Consensus Statement provides guidelines on the management of pituitary incidentalomas.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 23 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01142-8This Review outlines changes in endocrine and metabolic function that occur in various adipose tissue depots during ageing and explains how these alterations contribute to age-related decline in metabolic health. The Review also discusses how various treatments might slow this decline by improving adipose tissue function.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 08 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01152-6Glycogen metabolism: not just a one-trick pony

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 24 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01147-3Unpicking the effects of FGF21 on longevity

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 24 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01134-8This international Consensus Statement provides guidelines on the management of pituitary incidentalomas.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 23 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01142-8This Review outlines changes in endocrine and metabolic function that occur in various adipose tissue depots during ageing and explains how these alterations contribute to age-related decline in metabolic health. The Review also discusses how various treatments might slow this decline by improving adipose tissue function.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 07 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01089-1In this Review, Yu and colleagues describe the role of the gut microbiome and the gut–liver axis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and MASLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). They discuss clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of MASLD and MASLD-related HCC.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 27 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01095-3Reply to ‘Pregnancy and liver health: delivering new collaborations to advance the MASLD and MASH field’

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 27 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01094-4Pregnancy and liver health: delivering new collaborations to advance the MASLD and MASH field

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 07 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01089-1In this Review, Yu and colleagues describe the role of the gut microbiome and the gut–liver axis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and MASLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). They discuss clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of MASLD and MASLD-related HCC.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 27 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01095-3Reply to ‘Pregnancy and liver health: delivering new collaborations to advance the MASLD and MASH field’

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 27 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01094-4Pregnancy and liver health: delivering new collaborations to advance the MASLD and MASH field

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 02 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00978-7Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the highest occurrence of catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) both globally and across all diseases. However, CHE alone does not provide a complete measure of the financial burdens of CKD on a household, especially for those with very low incomes or who forego therapy altogether. A more comprehensive assessment of direct, indirect and long-term costs is crucial to advancing equitable and effective universal health coverage.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 23 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00981-yHarnessing plant thylakoids to restore cellular function in AKI

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 19 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00971-0The impact of exposure to particulate plastics on human health is a topic of increasing concern. Here, the authors discuss routes of exposure to microparticles and nanoparticles and potential mechanisms of toxicity in the kidney and cardiovascular systems.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 16 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00970-1This Review examines the use of pangenomic analysis to improve molecular diagnoses in adult nephrology, including available sequencing methods and their applications. The authors also discuss current barriers to translating genetic information into actionable diagnoses, ethical challenges and the key role of multidisciplinary collaboration.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 02 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00978-7Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the highest occurrence of catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) both globally and across all diseases. However, CHE alone does not provide a complete measure of the financial burdens of CKD on a household, especially for those with very low incomes or who forego therapy altogether. A more comprehensive assessment of direct, indirect and long-term costs is crucial to advancing equitable and effective universal health coverage.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 23 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00981-yHarnessing plant thylakoids to restore cellular function in AKI

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 19 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00971-0The impact of exposure to particulate plastics on human health is a topic of increasing concern. Here, the authors discuss routes of exposure to microparticles and nanoparticles and potential mechanisms of toxicity in the kidney and cardiovascular systems.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 16 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00970-1This Review examines the use of pangenomic analysis to improve molecular diagnoses in adult nephrology, including available sequencing methods and their applications. The authors also discuss current barriers to translating genetic information into actionable diagnoses, ethical challenges and the key role of multidisciplinary collaboration.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 08 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41593-025-02002-4Time-resolved electron microscopy reveals that intersectin-1 and endophilin A1 condensates hold replacement synaptic vesicles close to release sites. Without this, replacement vesicles are unavailable for immediate use, causing synaptic depression in response to stimulation trains.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 01 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01990-7As large-scale neurodevelopmental MRI studies gain prominence, the authors identify tradeoffs between sample size and quality control that can dramatically affect results, and they evaluate a range of approaches to mitigate risk for error.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 11 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01121-7Brennan and Teasdale compare a newly proposed classification system for traumatic brain injury with the gold-standard Glasgow Coma Scale.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 10 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01117-3Limitations of neurocentric models for near-death experiences

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 08 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01122-6A voice-synthesis neuroprosthesis based on a brain–computer interface has restored instantaneous, natural-sounding speech to a man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 24 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01114-6Artificial intelligence and neurotechnology promise to transform neurological care, but their acceptance will depend on public trust. Such trust must be earned and maintained through responsible development, transparent reporting, public engagement and ethical oversight. Without these foundations, even highly beneficial technologies may fail to gain legitimacy or uptake.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 10 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01281-2Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disorder with high prevalence in Mediterranean populations. Considerable advances in the management of FMF have been made in the past decade, with respect to the use of biologic drugs and understanding colchicine resistance. The 2024 updated FMF management recommendations are timely and reflect these advances.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 08 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01283-0A study provides insights into the factors that regulate synovial fibroblast interactions with endothelial cells in RA and subsequent pathogenic neovascularization.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 08 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01285-yThe anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agent nerandomilast has shown promise for the treatment of both idiopathic and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in phase III trials.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 07 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01276-zThis Review provides an overview of how platelets promote immunothrombosis in rheumatic disease. The authors discuss the different ways in which platelets and immunothrombosis can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 10 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01281-2Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disorder with high prevalence in Mediterranean populations. Considerable advances in the management of FMF have been made in the past decade, with respect to the use of biologic drugs and understanding colchicine resistance. The 2024 updated FMF management recommendations are timely and reflect these advances.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 08 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01283-0A study provides insights into the factors that regulate synovial fibroblast interactions with endothelial cells in RA and subsequent pathogenic neovascularization.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 08 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01285-yThe anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agent nerandomilast has shown promise for the treatment of both idiopathic and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in phase III trials.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 07 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01276-zThis Review provides an overview of how platelets promote immunothrombosis in rheumatic disease. The authors discuss the different ways in which platelets and immunothrombosis can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 07 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01062-2Non-human primates, especially the rhesus macaque, provide a good preclinical model for research into male fertility, owing to their physiological and genetic similarities to humans. In this article, the authors examine the value and limitations of using non-human primates in studies to improve understanding of spermatogenesis, reproductive endocrinology and innovations in assisted reproductive technologies.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 02 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01064-0Bladder cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease, and ongoing efforts in biomarker research aim to support personalized treatment approaches. Circulating tumour DNA is approaching clinical integration through prospective trials, whereas other markers remain investigational owing to technical limitations, inconsistent findings and lack of validation. Rigorous biomarker-driven trials and cost-effectiveness studies are needed to enable the integration of molecular tools into routine practice. Biomarkers might ultimately lead to rational treatment de-escalation or escalation, improving outcomes while minimizing harm and cost.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 25 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01063-1Despite recognized sex-based differences in healthcare requirements, women continue to experience substantial disparities in treatment, diagnosis and research. This ‘gender health gap’ manifests through increased emergency wait times, dismissal of symptoms and inadequate research prioritization. Patient advocacy groups have emerged as powerful forces for change, successfully lobbying governments and raising awareness through social media. Addressing these disparities requires increased research funding, sex-specific study designs, improved medical education curricula and continued patient advocacy.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 07 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01062-2Non-human primates, especially the rhesus macaque, provide a good preclinical model for research into male fertility, owing to their physiological and genetic similarities to humans. In this article, the authors examine the value and limitations of using non-human primates in studies to improve understanding of spermatogenesis, reproductive endocrinology and innovations in assisted reproductive technologies.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 02 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01064-0Bladder cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease, and ongoing efforts in biomarker research aim to support personalized treatment approaches. Circulating tumour DNA is approaching clinical integration through prospective trials, whereas other markers remain investigational owing to technical limitations, inconsistent findings and lack of validation. Rigorous biomarker-driven trials and cost-effectiveness studies are needed to enable the integration of molecular tools into routine practice. Biomarkers might ultimately lead to rational treatment de-escalation or escalation, improving outcomes while minimizing harm and cost.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 25 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01063-1Despite recognized sex-based differences in healthcare requirements, women continue to experience substantial disparities in treatment, diagnosis and research. This ‘gender health gap’ manifests through increased emergency wait times, dismissal of symptoms and inadequate research prioritization. Patient advocacy groups have emerged as powerful forces for change, successfully lobbying governments and raising awareness through social media. Addressing these disparities requires increased research funding, sex-specific study designs, improved medical education curricula and continued patient advocacy.