Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 03 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01333-4Benjamin Dowsing describes the Whitehall studies, which established the inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and the risk of death from coronary heart disease, leading to the concept of social determinants of health.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01325-4In this Review, Zelniker and Braunwald summarize the cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin and other sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and discuss the underlying mechanisms of these effects, including haemodynamic modulation, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics and activation of cytoprotective pathways that inhibit oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 17 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01323-6Cardiac glycosides were the cornerstone of heart failure treatment for decades, but their use progressively declined after the introduction of modern prognostic medications. Two clinical trials now report that cardiac glycosides can reduce the risk of worsening heart failure events in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. These results do not mandate a paradigm shift but support a specific role for cardiac glycosides in selected patients.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 14 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01327-2As artificial intelligence (AI), multiomics and human organoids reshape cardiovascular research, calls to replace animal models are accelerating. We argue that understanding complex, multiorgan cardiovascular disease requires an integrated framework in which in vivo, in vitro and computational models each provide complementary biological insights.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 31 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01191-6In MonumenTAL-3, the G-protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 memberD-directed bispecific T cell engager talquetamab combined with either daratumumab or daratumumab–pomalidomide conferred significantly longer progression-free survival than daratumumab–pomalidomide–dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (≥1 prior line of therapy). These results herald a new therapeutic option for such patients but also raise questions regarding how talquetamab-based regimens should be integrated with B cell maturation antigen-directed T cell-redirecting therapies.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01186-3Current treatment approaches for patients with multiple myeloma are characterized by a ‘more is better’ philosophy aiming for deep and long-term clinical responses. The authors of this Review challenge this paradigm, presenting several de-escalation strategies that do not compromise long-term efficacy and proposing a framework for the design of trials testing further de-escalation approaches.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 24 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01181-8Advances in multimodal analyses of diverse cell types and cellular products present in the blood have presented opportunities to non-invasively and repeatedly assess systemic immune dynamics, predict and monitor responses to immunotherapies, and detect emerging resistance in patients with cancer. In this Review, the authors discuss various insights on systemic antitumour immune responses that can be gleaned through such liquid biopsy-based analysis of circulating tumour-derived biomarkers and/or immune cells and their implications for immunotherapy.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 16 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01187-2Second-line 177Lu-edotreotide shows promise in GEP NETs

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01286-1In this Review, the authors describe evidence linking the gut microbiota to bone fractures. They discuss findings from rodent models and human studies on the effects of the gut microbiota on bone and muscle and explore the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota is associated with bone fractures.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01288-zAnti-IL-11 treatment improves ovarian function by reducing matrix stiffness

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01282-5Osteogenesis imperfecta type 1 can be caused by haploinsufficient variants of COL1A1 and can be difficult to diagnose and manage. In this Review, the authors cover the role of collagen type I haploinsufficiency in osteogenesis imperfecta type 1’s pathogenesis, treatment strategies currently under investigation and aspects of this disease that require further research.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 17 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01281-6This Review explores the regulation of insulin secretion, including the effects of various nutrient and non-nutrient factors. An improved understanding of the complexities of how insulin secretion is regulated could lead to targeted treatments in the future.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 31 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41575-026-01232-6Anorectal bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a global health challenge. This Review provides an overview of anorectal bacterial STIs focusing on chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis, with insights into global burden, pathophysiology, management and prevention, as well as highlighting knowledge gaps and research priorities.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 20 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41575-026-01234-4Two independent Delphi-driven consensus initiatives have established the first standardized frameworks for defining, measuring and managing intrapancreatic fat. Their areas of agreement provide a foundation for clinical recognition, while key divergences in terminology, thresholds and evidence appraisal highlight critical questions that must be resolved through rigorous collaborative research.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 17 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41575-026-01238-0Precision adherence support for hepatitis C treatment

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 16 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41575-026-01236-2Steatosis fuels replacement liver metastases in colorectal cancer

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01108-7The carceral system has the impossible task of providing appropriate care for a vulnerable population while limiting taxpayer spending. Although many risk factors for incarceration also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), specific CKD screening requirements or treatment accountability are lacking, which compromises patient care.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01105-wThis Review describes current understanding of the epigenetic regulation of kidney development. It describes the epigenetic drivers of cell fate decisions made by nephron progenitor cells, the chromatin landscape of accessible regulatory elements that orchestrate these decisions, and the functional consequences for congenital kidney diseases and the programming of adult kidney disease.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01114-9The first-in-human combined bladder and kidney transplant

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 23 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01103-yThis Review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus as well as drugs that have been developed to target these pathophysiological processes. The authors also synthesize a translational approach aimed at enabling disease modification in lupus nephritis through the integration of glucocorticoids and conventional antiproliferative agents with immunomodulatory drugs.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 03 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01248-1This Review provides a comprehensive overview of white matter disorders, encompassing leukodystrophies and genetically determined leukoencephalopathies, that arise from defects in protein biosynthesis pathways. The authors highlight the role of causal genes across transcription, RNA processing and translation and summarize the clinical and radiological features of these disorders, as well as emerging therapeutic strategies.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01252-5Low-field MRI for equitable epilepsy diagnosis in resource-limited settings

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01250-7Disease-modifying therapies for spinal muscular atrophy have transformed the disease prognosis, yet many children continue to face substantial disability owing to delayed diagnosis. Rapid implementation of newborn screening is imperative to offer life-changing interventions for affected families.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 14 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01247-2Ebola virus disease is associated with a broad range of long-term neurological sequalae, a new study reports.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 04 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01406-1The development of targeted therapeutics has transformed the management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). This Review explores the role of these new therapies, as well as that of the still-relevant historical treatments, for the induction and maintenance of remission in EGPA.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 03 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01402-5This Review examines how ageing-driven metabolic exhaustion in T cells and macrophages promotes organelle dysfunction, inflammatory cell death and chronic synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 31 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01418-xAn osteoimmunomodulatory implant that enables finely tuned release of magnesium ions could offer a way to enhance osteoporotic bone repair.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01417-yPD-L2-mediated activation of PD-1 signalling in rheumatoid arthritis suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production and regulates pathogenic B cell responses.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 03 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01181-4The US military’s proposal for routine testosterone screening presents a unique opportunity to improve men’s health. However, translating policy into practice will require evidence-based screening, accurate diagnosis, appropriate patient selection and careful consideration of fertility, lifestyle factors and long-term monitoring.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 21 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01176-1Mohs micrographic surgery offers a tissue-sparing alternative to penectomy for penile squamous cell carcinoma involving the glans and distal urethra, yet technical guidance remains scarce. We detail the surgical approach, specimen handling and reconstruction strategies to help surgeons navigate this challenging procedure and improve patient access to organ-preserving care.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 20 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01177-0Escaping the matrix: disrupted integrin signalling enables neuroendocrine differentiation

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 01 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01169-0Several studies have demonstrated that a posterior approach to nerve sparing by preserving more anterolateral periprostatic tissue can improve erectile function by more than twofold. Review of the evidence regarding periprostatic nerve distribution suggests a potential underappreciation of the distribution and functional relevance of nerve fibres along the anterior prostate.