Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 09 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01243-xIn this Tools of the Trade article, Foster and Tabish describe their development of a perfusion platform that recapitulates fundamental haemodynamic features of the human coronary circulation within a controlled flow and pressure environment.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01238-8Tatyana Storozhenko describes the initial studies that demonstrated that the utility of coronary computed tomography angiography extends beyond diagnosis and prevention into the guidance of coronary interventions.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01237-9In this Comment, I propose an outcome-oriented classification of heart failure based on skeletal muscle mass. By distinguishing between heart failure with either preserved or reduced muscle mass, this conceptual framework represents a major step towards abandoning the misleading concept of the ‘obesity–mortality paradox’ in cardiology.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01241-zLiu and Bursill highlight a landmark study that described the presence of in-stent neoatherosclerosis in bare-metal and drug-eluting stents, which has reshaped the clinical management of coronary artery disease.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 05 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01099-7Despite the availability of various novel therapies, the global incidence of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has continued to increase. Owing to a combination of population ageing and more effective diagnosis, AML remains much more common in economically developed countries. Conversely, AML is less common in the economically developing world, albeit often with worse outcomes owing to a lack of access to effective therapies. In this Review, the authors describe these global trends as well as their underlying reasons, including the changing landscape of risk factors, demographic disparities and differing treatment outcomes.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 01 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01102-1Despite advances in the treatment of many advanced-stage solid tumours, the outcomes of patients with central nervous system tumours have not improved substantially for several decades, largely owing to a lack of novel therapies. In this Review, the authors describe the clinical experience with chimeric antigen receptor T cells both in adults and children with these historically difficult to treat malignancies, including some promising signals of efficacy.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 27 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01100-3Advances in the management of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer have been achieved through intensification of therapy, although careful patient selection is required. In this Review, the authors discuss personalized treatment strategies for both non-metastatic and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, as well as emerging novel therapies and key principles for toxicity mitigation.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 20 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01105-yA recent Nature article reports that mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 confer improved survival among patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer or melanoma receiving immune-checkpoint inhibitors owing to activation of systemic immunity, potentiating antitumour responses. This retrospective proof-of-principle study indicates the potential for combined therapeutic interventions, although both the timing of vaccination as well as the nature of the elicited immune responses requires further investigation.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 12 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01219-4The efficacy of anti-obesity drugs that use glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonism and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonism raises critical questions about how next-generation drugs might offer increased metabolic benefits. In 2025, new research into incretin-based treatments has brought us closer to answering these questions.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 09 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01223-8Unpicking variation in response to exercise

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 02 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01216-7Epigenetic effects of maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 01 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01215-8Physiological changes in female individuals during the menopause transition influence cardiometabolic health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence. T2DM prevention programmes during midlife among individuals who are at high risk are cost effective but, we suggest, could be enhanced by consideration of the menopause transition and other sex-specific differences in T2DM prevention strategies.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 10 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01040-2Although 2025 began with disruption and geopolitical retreat, momentum in kidney health advocacy endured. Global, regional and national efforts demonstrated that progress is possible when commitment persists and setbacks are recognized, offering opportunities to lessen the burden of kidney disease and improve access to equitable and sustainable kidney care.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 08 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01039-9In 2025, several landmark studies illuminated the sequence of immune events that influence tolerance and rejection in kidney transplantation, from the molecular triggers of allorecognition to the chemotactic control of cytotoxicity and the protective mechanisms underlying the benefits of immune therapies. As xenotransplantation advances, these insights will also be important for achieving sustained xenograft tolerance.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 05 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01030-4Here, the authors describe the spectrum and global burden of AKI. They discuss the knowledge and practice gaps that must be addressed to improve AKI care and outline a framework for creating a sustainable infrastructure to address this global health issue.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01037-xEffective kidney-targeted therapeutics require careful consideration of both the cargo and carrier. In the past year, considerable progress has been made in the development of viral and non-viral delivery vehicles, by leveraging endogenous biological mechanisms, screening across multiple species and administration routes, and artificial intelligence to drive kidney selectivity.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 11 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01327-5Monogenic disorders involving key elements of the TNF pathway now encompass a diverse and expanding group of conditions, spanning autoinflammatory, autoimmune, immunodeficiency and neurodegenerative diseases. This Review discusses the genetic causes, clinical features and current therapeutic strategies for these disorders, emphasizing the value of accurate molecular diagnosis and targeted interventions.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 09 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01341-7Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation revolutionized the treatment of severe systemic sclerosis as the first therapy able to induce long-term remission in this relentlessly fibrosing disease. Nevertheless, questions remain about patient selection, conditioning, and how this treatment fits into the evolving immune-modifying therapeutic landscape. The field should move beyond standardization towards precision therapy.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 08 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01336-4Endosomal traffic orchestrates important immune functions, including receptor signalling, antigen processing and metabolic regulation, and has a pivotal role in maintaining self-tolerance. Disruption of these pathways contributes to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, offering new therapeutic opportunities.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 03 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01337-3Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming patient stratification in rheumatology. In 2025, three landmark studies demonstrated how multimodal AI approaches spanning clinical, molecular and longitudinal data can uncover distinct disease subtypes and predict therapeutic response, advancing the field towards precision rheumatology.