Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 04 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01311-wA new study shows that the microtube network directs cardiomyocyte growth through two mechanisms: by redirecting the localization of mRNA and protein synthesis and by modifying the intercalated disc, the site of cell–cell adhesion at the ends of the cardiomyocyte.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 27 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01308-5In the randomized, phase II HF-REVERT trial, the miR-132 inhibitor CDR132L was well-tolerated and showed pharmacodynamic target engagement in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, but did not improve ventricular remodelling compared with placebo.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 18 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01300-zDilated cardiomyopathy is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, with non-ischaemic aetiology reported in 30–40% of patients with heart failure. In this Review, Ramos-López and colleagues explore the complex epidemiology and genetic architecture of non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy, reflect on the challenges of accurately assessing its prevalence and discuss environmental factors that modify disease penetrance and phenotype.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 10 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01160-zDespite considerable improvements in the outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), many outstanding research questions remain unanswered. Furthermore, significant findings from successful phase III trials have not always been translated into guideline-recommended therapies, implying a need for improved standardization of trial end points. In this Consensus Statement, representatives of four major societies (the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), the International Liver Cancer Association (ILCA) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)) convened to provide guidance on end point selection for clinical trials conducted in various settings including surveillance, and early-stage, intermediate-stage and advanced-stage HCC.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 09 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01170-xRecent data from the RECITE trial indicating that the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim ameliorates chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia offer hope for the first drug treatment for this condition. However, the ultimate goal is not to improve platelet counts but patient outcomes, and RECITE does not offer evidence of survival or quality-of-life benefits that truly matter to patients.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01167-6The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee’s decision to allow tumour-agnostic reimbursement of nivolumab and ipilimumab is a bold experiment that involves a considerable level of risk-sharing between government, industry, clinicians and patients. The central policy challenge now is whether Australia has sufficient infrastructure and initiative to convert this access into timely and decision-relevant evidence. Reimbursement that accelerates access despite uncertainty carries an obligation to learn.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 03 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01269-2Intestinal mitochondrial complex I inhibition essential for clinical benefits of metformin

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 02 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01267-4Elucidating the structure of TRH: a defining moment for modern neuroendocrinology

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 21 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5As glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide have gained popularity, the number of people who started taking these drugs, then stopped, has increased. This Review discusses why patients discontinue these medications, the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of this discontinuation, and the need for additional research on how to manage the cessation of these drugs.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 04 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01090-0Medical research increasingly depends on data-driven, large-scale, multicentric cooperation; however, such cooperation remains obstructed by fragmented procedures, heterogeneity in ethics oversight, complex legal frameworks and regulatory divergence. These structural barriers slow progress, increase costs and ultimately limit benefits to patients. Harmonized, efficient processes and coherent legal frameworks that enable effective collaborative research are feasible and urgently needed.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 02 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01091-zHNF1B as a central gatekeeper of tubular homeostasis

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 21 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01087-9Many glomerular diseases have a genetic basis; however, not all identified variants are pathogenic. This Expert Recommendation from the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Glomerulopathy Gene Curation Expert Panel describes the outcomes of gene curation efforts to evaluate the evidence underlying asserted gene–disease relationships for 56 genes that have putatively been linked to glomerular diseases.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 11 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01088-8Author Correction: The genetics of hypertension

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 10 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01231-wA new study indicates that the Expanded Disability Status Scale, which was originally developed to assess disability in people with multiple sclerosis, fails to capture the full patient experience in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 10 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01230-xNature Reviews Neurology is interviewing individuals who are driving efforts to address disparities in neurology through a broad spectrum of diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. We spoke with Nabila Hamdi from the German University in Cairo about her work to advance amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research in Egypt through international collaboration.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 26 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01222-xHuntington disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathological expansion of the huntingtin (HTT) gene, and no disease-modifying therapies are currently available. Two new studies demonstrate different genetic approaches to targeting the toxic Htt transcript Htt1a in knockin mouse models of Huntington disease, which might inform future strategies to lower mutant HTT in humans.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 19 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01212-zMultiple sclerosis is marked by considerable prognostic uncertainty, and no unified framework currently exists to guide the integration of diverse prognostic factors. To address this gap, a MAGNIMS consortium proposes a multiaxial model, incorporating the overall burden of damage, the topography of injury and the capacity for compensation.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01390-620 years ago, the modern classification of inflammation against self was developed, wherein an immunological disease continuum was invoked, as autoimmunity alone inadequately explained the spectrum of self-directed inflammation.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 29 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01386-2This Review examines evolving comorbidity patterns in rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting improving trends in some conditions, persistent burdens in others, and implications for treatment selection, preventive screening and integrated, individualized care.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 27 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01389-zSymptomatic knee osteoarthritis at an early structural stage could provide a window of opportunity for intervention. Symptomatic knees without definite radiographic osteoarthritis can already show structural joint changes detectable on MRI; however, the greater sensitivity of MRI must be balanced against the risks of overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01162-7Mature sperm acquire mRNAs from epididymal extracellular vesicles during post-testicular maturation. These findings challenge the idea that sperm mRNAs are merely residual transcripts and suggest an underappreciated mechanism of paternal epigenetic inheritance.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 05 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01157-4In this Perspective, the authors examine how germline variation, somatic alterations and environmentally induced reprogramming converge on the epigenome to shape African prostate tumour biology. They outline emerging mechanistic insights, highlight methodological challenges and propose future directions.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 04 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01143-wThis Review discusses evidence of the utility of MRI before biopsy in the prostate cancer diagnostic pathway, particularly considering biopsy-naive patients, patients with previous negative biopsies and patients on active surveillance. Future perspectives of combining MRI with biomarkers and/or other novel biopsy modalities to improve the detection of clinically significant cancers are also explored.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 02 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01158-3Polypropylene mesh degradation and systemic disease: biological plausibility is not clinical evidence