Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 22 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01161-ySotatercept, an activin-signalling inhibitor, is a promising add-on treatment for patients with advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension and a high risk of death, according to data from the ZENITH trial.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 14 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01158-7Two clinical trials presented at the ACC.25 describe the expanding indications for the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 10 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01156-9Findings from the BHF PROTECT-TAVI trial indicate that the routine use of cerebral embolic protection devices during transcatheter aortic valve implantation does not decrease the incidence of stroke within 72 h after the intervention.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 23 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01022-0Sacituzumab tirumotecan improves OS in mTNBC

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 07 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01016-yThe development of companion diagnostic assays enabling the detection and quantification of HER2 expression and ERBB2 amplifications has provided an important early example that has informed the development of many companion diagnostics for the identification of other drug targets. However, the introduction of trastuzumab deruxtecan and, potentially, other novel antibody–drug conjugates has created the need for assays that are much more sensitive. In this Review, the authors describe the historical development of HER2 companion diagnostic assays in breast and other HER2-positive cancers and highlight the possible, future, more sensitive methods of HER2 detection and quantification that might provide the next generation of companion diagnostics.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 03 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01015-zTumours with deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) leading to a microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) phenotype are characterized by a high burden of immunogenic mutations and, thus, an immunological ‘hot’ microenvironment that is associated with high sensitivity to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. In this Review, the authors discuss the epidemiology, biology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and treatment of MSI-H/dMMR tumours, highlighting idiosyncrasies associated with specific pathogenetic alterations and tumour histologies.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 19 March 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01013-1Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been established as a key therapeutic modality for the management of brain metastases. In this Review, an international group of experts discuss the expanding opportunities for SRS, including application for larger brain metastases and cumulative intracranial tumour volumes, fractionated delivery, neoadjuvant use and combinatorial approaches with modern systemic therapy, as well as associated challenges and remaining questions.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 22 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01119-7A modified liver enzyme with enhanced stability helps to control glycaemia

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 17 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01114-yThis Review covers the mechanistic relationship between hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The article discusses how changes in insulin signalling affect metabolism and disease progression in various organs and cell types.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 14 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01118-8The growing population of older adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents unique challenges, including frailty, comorbidities and polypharmacy. A holistic multidisciplinary approach is crucial to address this population’s complex needs, improve care delivery, and ensure their independence and quality of life amid the realities of ageing with this lifelong condition.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 09 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01116-wmTORC1 is the central regulator in pancreatic β-cells

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 22 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01063-xInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disease with substantial burden worldwide. In this Consensus Statement, a global multidisciplinary group of experts identify key priorities and recommendations to raise awareness and advance IBD care and research.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 10 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01067-7Diet-driven microbiome restoration associated with cardiometabolic benefits

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 04 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01061-zThe European–Latin American Research Consortium towards Eradication of Preventable Gallbladder Cancer (EULAT Eradicate GBC) is identifying geographical, environmental, lifestyle, genetic and molecular risk factors for gallbladder cancer. Collaborative research is essential to improve prevention of this aggressive tumour, especially in high-incidence, low-income and middle-income regions.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 22 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00964-zGalNAc-T14-associated defects in B cell homing in IgA nephropathy

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 07 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00962-1Artificial intelligence approaches that link patient data with chemical-induced kidney injury patterns are revolutionizing nephrotoxicity risk assessment. Substantial progress has been made in the development of integrated approaches that leverage big data, molecular profiles and toxicological understanding to identify at-risk patients, provide insights into molecular mechanisms and advance predictive nephrology.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 02 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00950-5Obesity exerts both direct and indirect effects on the kidney. This Review describes the mechanisms by which adipose-derived signals, including neural and hormonal signals, compromise kidney filtration capacity and discusses current and emerging renoprotective therapies that may provide benefit in the context of obesity and metabolic disease.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 14 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01088-5We spoke with neurologist Esther Bui from Canada about her work to improve neurological health for women.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 10 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01086-7Multi-ancestry GWAS identifies 16 novel Alzheimer disease risk loci

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 10 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01087-6Pharmacological rehabilitation for stroke

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 10 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01082-xWalking the Talk for Dementia is no ordinary conference, but an experience that is designed to bring together people with diverse perspectives on dementia, including people with lived experience, and to foster new ways of thinking and collaborating. We asked founder Fernando Aguzzoli-Peres to tell us more about his unique initiative.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 23 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01258-1Activation of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases in synovial fibroblasts promotes the degradation of the extracellular matrix in arthritis.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 23 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01254-5Although numerous therapies are available for axial spondyloarthritis, more than half of patients do not achieve remission or respond to treatment. Understanding the reasons for non-response in axial spondyloarthritis is essential for effective management of this disease.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 17 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01256-3Calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease is secondary to the pathological accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals inside joints and involves acute or chronic inflammatory arthritis. Epidemiological research on CPPD has been slow despite the suspected high prevalence of this condition. Here we highlight key challenges in CPPD imaging, diagnosis and nomenclature that need to be addressed for epidemiological research to progress at a faster pace.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 15 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01260-7In the phase III SELECT-GCA trial, upadacitinib at a dose of 15 mg daily was superior to placebo with respect to achievement of sustained remission of giant cell arteritis at 52 weeks.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 15 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01023-9In this Review, the authors provide an overview of circulating tumour DNA and circulating tumour cells as potential biomarkers to provide therapeutic guidance and optimize disease surveillance in bladder cancer. Challenges associated with these biomarkers and future perspectives for clinical implementation are also discussed.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 14 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01036-4Madrid plays host to a celebration of urology

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 14 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01037-3Sexual transfer of bacteria for forensic use

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 09 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01033-7Microultrasonography-guided prostate cancer biopsy