Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 27 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01297-5Base editing therapies to silence PCSK9 have entered clinical trials, and early results show promise for a durable ‘one-and-done’ therapy to lower plasma LDL-cholesterol levels.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 17 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01287-7Soft robotic devices, with tissue-like materials, structures and functions, are emerging as promising alternatives to rigid devices for cardiovascular disease, which have several fundamental limitations. In this Review, Ji and colleagues discuss three emerging frontiers in which soft robotic devices are redefining cardiovascular medicine: simulators, interventional instruments and implants for vascular disease, arrhythmia and heart failure.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 15 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01291-xRare cardiovascular diseases affect 5% of the world’s population. Rare disease training for clinicians is essential to suspect and diagnose underlying rare diseases and to work effectively with patients to navigate uncertain health-care journeys. To raise awareness, Nature Reviews Cardiology has partnered with Medics for Rare Disease to produce a Collection of articles on rare cardiovascular diseases.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 28 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01149-8The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has historically been the highest among Western, high-income countries but is now increasing globally beyond these regions. Early-onset CRC (diagnosed before the age of 50 years) has been the main driver of this rise, and risk factors including dietary and lifestyle aspects, the gut microbiota and environmental contaminants have been proposed to underlie these epidemiological trends. The authors of this Review discuss the available evidence on these risk factors, highlighting how the under-representation of non-Western populations in these studies is limiting progress.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 23 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01154-xThe ATOMIC trial has been widely celebrated as providing a positive result. However, when viewed with a lens of critical appraisal that considers issues related to overtreatment, treatment de-escalation, surrogacy, post-trial access to treatment and contributions of component, we argue that ATOMIC should not change clinical practice but rather form the basis for future trials that test de-escalation strategies.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 21 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01151-0The burden of cancer therapy on patients’ time is often overlooked. Building on the ‘time toxicity’ literature, we introduce the concept of time budgeting, viewing patients’ time as a limited, measurable resource that can be managed through treatment selection, pathway design and trial protocols. We discuss the rationale, measurement challenges and implementation requirements to operationalize time budgeting in cancer care.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 15 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01147-wRare lymphoproliferative and lymphomatous disorders occurring after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy are garnering increased attention but remain incompletely characterized, complicating early recognition and management. This Review describes the spectrum of post-CAR T cell therapy lymphoproliferations reported so far, highlighting recurrent pathological and molecular features as well as factors implicated in promoting clonal expansion and/or malignant transformation, which might provide a framework to improve the diagnosis and management of these disorders.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 27 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01239-8The need to consider factors beyond BMI to accurately assess metabolic dysfunction when diagnosing and treating obesity is increasingly recognized. In this Perspective, Lim and colleagues advocate for an approach to assessments for obesity in Asian populations that takes ethnicity-specific factors into account.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 16 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01253-wInfants exposed to hypoglycaemia are at risk of neuroglycopenia and long-term neurodisability. Individuals with congenital hyperinsulinism provide a unique opportunity to gain insights into relevant biological pathways and outcomes. Such insights could transform clinical care for infants at risk of hypoglycaemia from a variety of genetic and environmental aetiologies.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 14 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01255-8NKX6.1 expression is linked to successful pancreatic islet transplantation

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 14 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01247-8Treatments are now available that target the specific neurobiological pathways underlying vasomotor symptoms, which is an important advance in the management of menopause. This Review outlines the current understanding of these pathways, charts the translation of preclinical work to clinical studies and discusses how mechanism-based interventions have evolved.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 21 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41575-026-01203-xThis Review outlines the role of gut–brain signalling in eating behaviour and obesity, highlighting gut-derived signals and cues relevant during eating phases. Underlying mechanisms of this gut–brain communication are discussed alongside the key role of the vagus nerve in this process.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 15 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41575-026-01198-5Steatotic liver disease (SLD), including metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD, requires an age-tailored treatment approach across the life course. This Review highlights age-adjusted lifestyle approaches (such as diet and physical activity) for the prevention and management of SLD, with insights and practical guidance across age groups, from infancy to older age.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 10 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41575-026-01204-wEngineered oesophagus transplantation in a pig model

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 21 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01079-9African and other non-European populations are severely under-represented in genomic research. This lack of inclusion perpetuates health inequities, particularly in kidney disease. Achieving genomic equity demands structural reform, including recruitment of diverse cohorts as a scientific prerequisite, strengthening of local research capacity, democratized data access, and universal trans-ancestry analytical tools.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 14 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01077-xGlobally, health inequities in access to health care, including transplantation, have led to suboptimal outcomes for certain population groups, including First Nations people. Essential to overcoming these inequities is the inclusion of voices of people with lived experience of kidney disease in policy reform, research, health services design and workforce training.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 09 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01073-1Air pollution is a major global health concern, with widespread effects on morbidity and mortality. This Review describes the epidemiological evidence linking atmospheric stressors, including particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, wildfire smoke and extreme temperatures, to kidney disease, and explores future research directions to better understand the role of atmospheric conditions on kidney health.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 26 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41581-026-01074-0GLP-1R regulates blood pressure through kidney vascular smooth muscle cells

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 20 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01373-7Is cam morphology a cause of osteoarthritis?

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01371-9In the placebo-controlled phase III ALLEGORY trial, treatment with obinutuzumab reduced disease activity in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus over 52 weeks.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 07 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01365-7Autoreactive B cells normally held in check by tolerance checkpoints can be driven towards germinal-centre or extrafollicular differentiation in autoimmune environments. This Review examines the cellular, molecular and contextual cues that shape these pathways and considers their implications for systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis and therapy.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 27 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01370-wPreclinical findings indicate that vamifeport, an oral ferroportin inhibitor, could be used as an adjunct therapy for lupus nephritis.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 28 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01147-6Hot flushes are among the most frequent and persistent adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer but remain under-recognized and often undertreated. Insights into KNDy-neuron-driven thermoregulatory dysfunction provide a strong mechanistic rationale for using neurokinin 3 and dual neurokinin 1 and 3 antagonists as a new non-hormonal treatment strategy.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 22 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01145-8Women with bladder cancer face differences in diagnosis and treatment and have worse outcomes than men despite lower incidence. This disparity cannot be univocally ascribed to bias or biology but reflects a convergence between these two aspects across diagnostic pathways, treatment delivery and tumour biology. Addressing these issues demands a coordinated, multi-pronged action across research, clinical practice and health policy.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 14 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01141-ySince 2019, computer-aided detection (CADe) has improved the adenoma detection rate in colonoscopy. CADe tools will emerge in cystoscopy, but the urological field lacks established performance metrics and CADe validation frameworks. Key lessons can be learnt from other endoscopic disciplines to guide the development and evaluation of artificial intelligence in cystoscopy.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01140-zEvidence suggests that the gut microbiome is a key regulator of systemic immunity influencing efficacy and tolerance of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Results of two trials of faecal microbiota transplantation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma provide new insights into microbiome modulation in cancer therapy.