Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 16 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01222-2In this Review, Zhao and colleagues summarize the major challenges in the implementation of preventative strategies for cardiovascular disease in China and discuss the potential value of digital health-care and artificial intelligence technologies in overcoming these challenges.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 13 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01224-0In patients with chronic coronary syndrome and an indication for oral anticoagulation, whether continuation of antiplatelet therapy in the initial phase after percutaneous coronary intervention is appropriate in Western populations with high atherothrombotic risk was previously unclear. The AQUATIC trial now shows that continuation of antiplatelet therapy increases the risk of both bleeding and ischaemic events in these patients.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 06 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01220-4In this Review, Nicholas Chew and colleagues use epidemiological data on the cardiovascular–liver–metabolic disease syndemic to illustrate current and future projections on the burden of these diseases and their risk factors, and propose a unified framework for integrating and implementing effective multisystem interventions to tackle key components of this syndemic.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 01 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01212-4In this Review, Paterson and colleagues describe how bioelectronic approaches involving site-specific targeting of the autonomic nervous circuit could be used to treat cardiovascular disease, and reflect on current bioelectronic modalities, their limitations and future ways to improve therapeutic efficiency.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 28 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01093-zFrontline sacituzumab govitecan prolongs PFS in TNBC

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 27 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01086-yCombination neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 09 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01080-4Patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer without EGFR or ALK mutations typically receive the PACIFIC regimen — concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) followed by consolidation with durvalumab — whereas those with EGFR-mutant disease typically receive cCRT followed by an EGFR inhibitor. Nonetheless, a subset of patients within this heterogeneous group might be able to completely avoid consolidation therapy, whereas others are unable to tolerate cCRT. In this Review, the authors describe the standard-of-care approach in this setting, followed by discussions of treatment optimization for specific subgroups, as well as important future research questions.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 28 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01205-wMuscle regeneration relies on finely tuned hormonal signalling to regulate muscle stem cell activity. This Comment explores how anabolic, catabolic, metabolic and stress-related hormones influence muscle stem cell function and the muscle repair process, highlighting their therapeutic potential for combating ageing, injury and muscle-wasting diseases through targeted endocrine modulation.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 14 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01190-0Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with gain and loss of body weight, respectively. This Review discusses the epidemiological evidence for weight changes in thyroid dysfunction, the role of thyroid hormone in weight regulation, the effect of treatment and the implications for population health.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 10 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01188-8The November 2025 issue marks 20 years since the launch of Nature Reviews Endocrinology (originally Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism). Here, we reflect on the past 20 years and consider what the future holds.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 28 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01146-9Metastasis and pericytes in oesophageal cancer

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 27 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01133-0A new Series on ‘Nutrition’ is launched exploring how dietary components influence physiological processes and the complex links between dietary patterns and health determinants.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 20 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01129-wIn this Review, Deraison and Vergnolle describe the role of extracellular proteases and protease inhibitors in gastrointestinal physiology and in diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and colorectal cancer. They also explore emerging therapeutic options for restoring proteolytic balance.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 10 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01135-yAfter the regulatory rejection of obeticholic acid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists have emerged as the leading second-line candidates for primary biliary cholangitis, pending definitive approval. Of these, only bezafibrate — a low-cost, widely available generic — has demonstrated long-term efficacy, a fact largely disregarded.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 17 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01021-5Digital twins are a key computational technology for the implementation of personalized approaches to medical care. They are based on computational models that have been calibrated to an individual patient and can be used to identify personalized treatment approaches. Nephrology offers several promising potential applications for this technology.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 16 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01016-2Indigenous peoples are disproportionally affected by poor kidney health outcomes globally. Here, a group of Indigenous and non-Indigenous authors provide a global overview of kidney health among Indigenous populations across different regions and its key determinants, including structural factors, and make actionable policy recommendations for addressing these health inequities.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 09 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01011-7Progress in the development of RNA-based therapeutics has been accelerated by the identification of organ-enriching carriers and cell-specific targeting conjugates, leading to their approval for a range of indications. However, attempts to develop RNA-based therapeutics for kidney diseases have proved challenging. This Review describes the physiological, technological and pharmacological hurdles that need to be overcome to realize the potential of RNA therapeutic approaches to kidney diseases.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 08 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01019-zThe success of the kidney transplantation programme in Nepal offers lessons in persistence, collaboration and policy reform. In low-resource settings, access to transplantation remains limited, but locally led efforts — supported by training and political will — can shift the landscape and make equitable transplant care possible.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 29 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01145-zTo mark the 20th anniversary of Nature Reviews Neurology, we have asked leaders of neurological societies across the world to reflect on progress over the past two decades and consider what the future holds for neurology in their region. Here, we speak to Fernando Cendes, Vice President of the Pan American Federation of Neurology.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 29 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01155-xTo mark the 20th anniversary of Nature Reviews Neurology, we have asked leaders of neurological societies across the world to reflect on progress over the past two decades and consider what the future holds for neurology in their region. Here, we speak to Christopher Chen, President of the Asian and Oceanian Association of Neurology.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 29 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01151-1To mark the 20th anniversary of Nature Reviews Neurology, we have asked leaders of neurological societies across the world to reflect on progress over the past two decades and consider what the future holds for neurology in their region. Here, we speak to Amina Gargouri and Riadh Gouider, President and Honorary President of the Pan-Arab Union of Neurological Societies.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 24 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01153-zFatigue is a burdensome symptom that is commonly encountered in people with neurological or non-neurological diseases, but it is poorly understood and lacks a common definition and conceptualization. This Review presents new a conceptual model of fatigue that is designed to improve communication between experts from different methodological and medical backgrounds.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 16 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01316-8Potential benefit of anticoagulation in Behçet syndrome

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 16 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01306-wANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) includes three disease subtypes with partly overlapping clinical manifestations: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). This Review article provides an update on the diagnosis and classification of AAV, discussing parameters for assessing disease activity and predicting outcomes towards a personalized medicine approach.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Published online: 03 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01305-xThis Perspective article discusses the stratification of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the context of current guidelines, biomarkers and emerging and future developments of targeted treatment. The authors aim to highlight how these novel developments can enhance the stratification of patients with knee OA to improve patient outcomes.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 13 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01092-wIn this Review, the authors describe and discuss hypoxia-associated extracellular matrix mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment, polarization and immunosuppression, how these lead to immunotherapy resistance, and potential targets to overcome ICI resistance.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 10 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01096-6This Review focuses on the clinical effects and translational potential of digital twin applications in uro-oncology, highlights challenges and discusses future directions for implementing digital twins to achieve personalized uro-oncological diagnostics and treatment.

Nature Reviews Urology, Published online: 08 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41585-025-01097-5Large language models have been rapidly adopted in general and clinically; they could also be incorporated into medical education. Results of a recent study suggest that a combination of traditional learning methods and large language model use could improve learning outcomes for medical students.